European governments are increasingly addressing Russia's covert sabotage operations, which have intensified since the onset of the Ukraine conflict. Recent incidents, including a drone attack at Leipzig airport and suspected sabotage in Poland, highlight the challenges of responding to threats that fall below conventional warfare thresholds.
Germany has shown a quicker response in attributing blame to Moscow for these attacks, reflecting a shift in confidence among European officials. However, the options for retaliation remain limited, with many countries seeking to expand intelligence capabilities while balancing the risk of direct military confrontation.
Watch for potential shifts in European intelligence capabilities as countries like the Netherlands push for expanded surveillance powers. The effectiveness of these measures in deterring Russian sabotage will be crucial, especially as tensions escalate and public patience wanes.